So, there it is....the Part of Speech and English Tenses XD
Part of speech
Nouns
Noun is a person, place, or thing that we call by it’s specific name. It has been divided into four group of word. Which is common noun, proper noun, collective noun, and abstract noun.
A noun is a member of large, open lexical category, whose members can occur as the main word in the subject of a clause, the object of a verb, or the object of preposition.
Example:
· Common noun: human, building, tiger, beach, restaurant, day
· Proper noun: John, London, Friday, September
· Collective noun: football team, group of student, committee, council
· Abstract noun: love, loneliness, respect, courage
Pronouns
In linguistic and grammar, a pronoun is a pro form that substitutes for a noun with or without a determiner, such as you and they in English.
Example: “Lisa gave the coat to Phill.” Into “She gave it to him.”
If the coat, Phill, and Lisa is previously mentioned the listener can deduce what the pronouns she, it, and him refer to and therefore understand the meaning of the sentence.
Verbs
The word verb assert something about the object of the sentence and express actions, events, or state of being.
Example: Dracula bites his victims on the neck.
The verb “bites” describe the action Dracula takes.
Another example are:
“I washed the car yesterday”
“The dog ate the meat.”
“ John studies English and French.”
Adjectives.
Adjective are words that describe or modify another person or thing, in the sentence.
Example:
· The tall professor
· The lugubrious lieutenant
· A solid commitment
· A month’s pay
An adjective can be modified by an adverb, or by a phrase or clause and functioning as an adverb.
Adverbs
It is any word that modifies any part of language other than a noun. Adverbs can modify verbs, adjectives, clauses, sentences, and other adverbs.
Example:
“The wave came in quickly over the rocks.”
“The meeting went well, and the directors were extremely happy with the outcome!”
“Crabs are known for walking sideways.
We can recognise an adverbs by its:
1. Function
2. Form
3. Position
Ø Function
Give more information about verbs, adjective, and other adverbs.
Ｘ Modify a verb:
I. John speak loudly. (how does John speak?)
II. Mary lives locally. (where does Mary lives?)
III. She never smoke. (when does she smoke?)
Ｘ Modify an adjective:
He is really handsome.
Ｘ Modify other adverb:
She drives incredibly slowly.
2 Form
We form such adverbs by adding –ly to the adjective.
Example:
Quickly, softly, strongly, honestly
Not all word that end in-ly are adverbs. Example like “friendly” is an adjective.
Some adverbs have no particular form, example:
Ø Well, fast, never, very, always, often, still
3 Position
Adverbs has three mains in the sentence:
Ø Front (before the subject)
· Now we will study adverbs.
Ø Middle (between the subject and the main verb)
· We often study adverbs.
Ø End (after the verb of object)
· We study adverbs carefully.
Preposition
A preposition is a word governing, and usually coming in front of a noun or pronoun and expressing to another word or element.
Example:
· She left before breakfast.
· What did you come for? (for what did you come?)
Conjunction
A conjunction is word which join two part of sentence.
Example:
Coordinating conjunction
· And, but, or, nor, for, yet, so
Subordinating conjunction.
· Although, because, since, unless
Interjection.
Interjection is a big name for a little word. Interjections are short exclamations like Oh!, Um or Ah! They have no real grammatical value but we use them quite often, usually more in speaking than in writing. When interjections are inserted into a sentence, they have no grammatical connection to the sentence. An interjection is sometimes followed by an exclamation mark (!) when written.
The table below shows some interjections with examples.
interjection | meaning | example |
ah | expressing pleasure | "Ah, that feels good." |
expressing realization | "Ah, now I understand." | |
expressing resignation | "Ah well, it can't be heped." | |
expressing surprise | "Ah! I've won!" | |
alas | expressing grief or pity | "Alas, she's dead now." |
dear | expressing pity | "Oh dear! Does it hurt?" |
expressing surprise | "Dear me! That's a surprise!" | |
eh | asking for repetition | "It's hot today." "Eh?" "I said it's hot today." |
expressing enquiry | "What do you think of that, eh?" | |
expressing surprise | "Eh! Really?" | |
inviting agreement | "Let's go, eh?" | |
er | expressing hesitation | "Lima is the capital of...er...Peru." |
hello, hullo | expressing greeting | "Hello John. How are you today?" |
expressing surprise | "Hello! My car's gone!" | |
hey | calling attention | "Hey! look at that!" |
expressing surprise, joy etc | "Hey! What a good idea!" | |
hi | expressing greeting | "Hi! What's new?" |
hmm | expressing hesitation, doubt or disagreement | "Hmm. I'm not so sure." |
oh, o | expressing surprise | "Oh! You're here!" |
expressing pain | "Oh! I've got a toothache." | |
expressing pleading | "Oh, please say 'yes'!" | |
ouch | expressing pain | "Ouch! That hurts!" |
uh | expressing hesitation | "Uh...I don't know the answer to that." |
uh-huh | expressing agreement | "Shall we go?" "Uh-huh." |
um, umm | expressing hesitation | "85 divided by 5 is...um...17." |
well | expressing surprise | "Well I never!" |
introducing a remark | "Well, what did he say?" |
English tenses
To show what time we are talking about. It was split into the simple, continuous, and perfect tenses.
Time can be split into three period, the present (what are you doing), the past (what you did), the future (what you are going to do).
Simple Present tense.
1. For repeated or regular actions in the present time period.
Example:
· I take the train to the office.
· The train to Berlins leaves every hour.
· John sleeps eight hours every night during the week.
2. For facts.
Example:
· The president of USA lives in the white house.
· A dog has four legs.
· We come from French.
3. For habits.
Example:
· I get up early every day.
· Carol brushes her teeth twice a day.
· They travel to their country house every weekend.
4. For things that are always/ generally true.
Example:
· It rains a lot of water.
· The Queen of English lives in Buckingham Palace.
· They speak English at work.
Simple future tenses.
We use the simple future tenses when we have no plan or decisions to do something before we speak. We make the decisions spontaneously at the time we speaking.
Example:
· We will see, what we can do to help you.
· Maybe we’ll stay in and watch television tonight.
· Hold on. I’ll get a pen.
Simple past tense.
The simple past tense is used for the following:
1) To explain action in the past.
· She went home yesterday.
· I ran to the bus stop.
2) Conditional statements/ situations.
· If I were you, I would not do something like that.
· If I had enough time, I can write a better article.
3) When direct speech change to indirect speech.
· Direct: He said, “ I will donate my money to the charity.”
· Indirect: He said that he would donate his money to the charity.
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